(Anterior and posterior relation of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle)
(ill) the superficial circumflex iliac. Mese nave been described earlier. The deep branches are:(1) The profunda femoris: (Ii) the deep external pudendal: and(11I) muscular branches.
Profunda Femoris Artery
This is the largest branch of the femoral artery. It is the chief artery of supply to all the three compartments of the thigh. It arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery about 4 cm below the Inguinal ligament. The origin lies in front of the illacus. As the artery descends, it passes posterior to the femoral vessels. It leaves the femoral triangle by paring deep to the adductor longus. Continuing downwards. it passes first between the adductor longus and the adductor brevis. and then between the adductor longus and the adductor magnus. Its terminal part pierces the adductor magnus to anastomose with upper muscular branches of the popliteal artery. The profunda femoris artery gives off the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, and four perforating arteries. The medial circumflex femoral artery leaves the femoral triangle by passing posteriorly, between the pectineus and the psoas major muscles. Its further course is described in Chapter
4. The lateral circumflex femoral arteryruns laterally between the anterior and posterior divisions of the femoral nerve. passes behind the sartorlus and the rectus femoris. and divides into ascending. transverse and descending branches. The ascending branch runs deep to the tensor fasciae lathe, gives branches to the hip Joint and the greater trochanter, and anastomoses with the superior gluteal artery. The transverse branch pierces the vastus lateral's and takes part in the cruciate anastomosis on the back of the thigh just below the greater trochanter. The descending branch runs down along the anterior border of the vastus lateralis, accompanied by the nerve to that muscle.
The perforatingarteries are described in Chapte
Deep External Pudendal Artery
Deep External Pudendal Artery
This branch of the femoral artery passes deep to the spermatic cord, or the round ligament of the uterus. and supplies the scrotum or the labium majus.
Muscular branches
Numerous muscular branches arise from the femoral and profunda femoris artery.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
1. The femoral artery can be compressed at the midinguinal point against the head of the femur or against the superior ramus of the pubis to control bleeding from the distal part of the limb.
1. The femoral artery can be compressed at the midinguinal point against the head of the femur or against the superior ramus of the pubis to control bleeding from the distal part of the limb.
2. Pulsations of the femoral artery can be felt at the midinguinal point. against the head of the femur and the tendon of the psoas major. A bilateral absence or feebleness of the femoral pulse may result from coarctation or narrowing of the aorta, or thrombosis. i.e. clotting, of blood within the aorta.
3. Stab wounds at the apex of the femoral triangle may cut all the large vessels of the lower limb because the femoral artery and vein, and the profunda femoris artery and vein are arranged in one line from before backwards at this site.
4. Since the femoral artery is quite superficial in the femoral triangle. it can be easily exposed for ligation. i.e. tying, or for passing a cannula or a thick needle.
FEMORAL VEIN
It begins as an upward continuation of the popliteal vein at the lower end of the adductor canal, and ends by becoming continuous with the external iliac vein behind the inguinal ligament, medial to the femoral artery
Its marking is same as that of the femoral artery. except that the upper point is taken 1 cm medial to the midinguinal point, and the lower point 1 cm lateral to the adductor tubercle. The vein is medial to the artery at the upper end, posterior to it in the middle, and lateral to it at the lower end.
Tributaries. it receives: (1) The great saphenous vein;
(2) veins accompanying the three deep branches of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle, i.e. profunda, deep external pudendal. and muscular;
(3) the lateral and medial circumflex femoral veins: and
(4) the descending genicular and muscular veins in the adductor canal. The femoral vein is commonly used for intravenous infusions in infants and in patients with peripheral circulatory failure.
FEMORAL NERVE
It is marked by joining the following two points. (a) First point 1.2 cm lateral to the midinguinal point ............................................
3. Stab wounds at the apex of the femoral triangle may cut all the large vessels of the lower limb because the femoral artery and vein, and the profunda femoris artery and vein are arranged in one line from before backwards at this site.
4. Since the femoral artery is quite superficial in the femoral triangle. it can be easily exposed for ligation. i.e. tying, or for passing a cannula or a thick needle.
FEMORAL VEIN
It begins as an upward continuation of the popliteal vein at the lower end of the adductor canal, and ends by becoming continuous with the external iliac vein behind the inguinal ligament, medial to the femoral artery
Its marking is same as that of the femoral artery. except that the upper point is taken 1 cm medial to the midinguinal point, and the lower point 1 cm lateral to the adductor tubercle. The vein is medial to the artery at the upper end, posterior to it in the middle, and lateral to it at the lower end.
Tributaries. it receives: (1) The great saphenous vein;
(2) veins accompanying the three deep branches of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle, i.e. profunda, deep external pudendal. and muscular;
(3) the lateral and medial circumflex femoral veins: and
(4) the descending genicular and muscular veins in the adductor canal. The femoral vein is commonly used for intravenous infusions in infants and in patients with peripheral circulatory failure.
FEMORAL NERVE
It is marked by joining the following two points. (a) First point 1.2 cm lateral to the midinguinal point ............................................
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