It is marked by joining the following two points.
(a) First point 1.2 cm lateral to the midinguinal point
(b) Second point 2.5 cm vertically below th point.
Introduction The femoral nerve is the chief nerve of the ante extensor compartment of
the thigh.
Origin and Root Value It is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus. It is formed by the dorsal divisions of the anterior primary [ rami of spinal nerves L2, L3 and IA. Course It enters the femoral triangle by passing behind the inguinal ligament just lateral to the femoral artery. In the thigh. it lies in the groove between the iliacus r and the psoas major, outside the femoral sheath, and lateral to the femoral artery. After a short course of about 2 cm below the inguinal ligament, the nerve divides into anterior and posterior divisions which L are separated by the lateral circumflex femoral artery.
(2) the posterior division supplies the rectus femoris, the three vasti and the articularis genu. The articularis genu is supplied by a branch from the nerve to vastus intermedius. Cutaneous:(1) The anterior division gives two cutaneous branches, the intermediate and the medial cutaneous nerves of the thigh; and (2) the posterior division gives only one cutaneous branch. the saphenous nerve. These nerves have been described earlier. Their areas of distribution are shown in picture Articular: (1) The hip joint is supplied by the nerve to the rectus femoris; and (2) the knee joint is supplied by the nerves to the three vasti. The nerve to the vastus medialis contains numerous proprioceptive fibres from the knee joint, accounting for the thickness of the nerve. This is in accordance with Hilton's law: Nerve supply to a muscle which lies across a joint, not only supplies the muscle. but also supplies the joint beneath and the skin overlying the muscle. Vascular: to the femoral artery and its branches. Note: The nerve to the pectineus arises from the medial side of the femoral nerve just above the inguinal ligament. It passes obliquely downwards and medially, behind the femoral sheath. to reach the anterior surface of the muscle. WNW CLINICAL ANATOMY
1. The femoral and obturator nerves which supply the hip joint, also supply the knee joint. Therefore, diseases of the hip may produce referred pain in the knee and also in the cutaneous area innervated by these nerves.
2. Injury to the femoral nerve by wounds in the groin, though rare, causes paralysis of the quadriceps femoris and a sensory deficit on the anterior and medial sides of the thigh and medial side of leg.
MUSCLES OF THE FRONT OF THE THIGH
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are the sartorius, the quadriceps femoris, and the articularis genu . In addition to these. some muscles belonging to other regions are also encountered on the front of the thigh. The iliacus and psoas major muscles. which form part of the floor of the femoral triangle, have their origin within the abdomen. The pectineus and adductor longus, also seen in relation to the femoral triangle, are muscles
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